Job Strain and Tobacco Smoking: An Individual-Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 166 130 Adults in 15 European Studies (2012)
Our findings show that smokers are slightly more likely than non-smokers to report work-related stress. In addition, smokers who reported work stress smoked, on average, slightly more cigarettes than stress-free smokers.
Katriina Heikkilä, Solja T. Nyberg, Eleonor I. Fransson, Lars Alfredsson, Dirk De Bacquer, Jakob B. Bjorner, Sébastien Bonenfant, Marianne Borritz, Hermann Burr, Els Clays, Annalisa Casini, Nico Dragano, Raimund Erbel, Goedele A. Geuskens, Marcel Goldberg, Wendela E. Hooftman, Irene L. Houtman, Matti Joensuu, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, France Kittel, Anders Knutsson, Markku Koskenvuo, Aki Koskinen, Anne Kouvonen, Constanze Leineweber, Thorsten Lunau, Ida E. H. Madsen, Linda L. Magnusson Hanson, Michael G. Marmot, Martin L. Nielsen, Maria Nordin, Jaana Pentti, Paula Salo, Reiner Rugulies, Andrew Steptoe, Johannes Siegrist, Sakari Suominen, Jussi Vahtera, Marianna Virtanen, Ari Väänänen, Peter Westerholm, Hugo Westerlund, Marie Zins, Töres Theorell, Mark Hamer, Jane E. Ferrie, Archana Singh-Manoux, G. David Batty, Mika Kivimäki, for the IPD-Work Consortium
PLOS One